全国首位心理特级教师：学校心理健康教育的10点思考
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><mp-common-profile class="js_uneditable custom_select_card mp_profile_iframe" data-pluginname="mpprofile" data-id="MzIwMjY3OTMzMg==" data-headimg="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WDxJbCfvuBwvpEL1euicQYR75MQuJVc1Hsy2IflVHibWdfM6ibgEt8XAAk9EiaZtggEayFaatr6s6dbMfl5vfHAOYg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-nickname="乐享心理课堂" data-alias="lexiangxinlike" data-signature="专注于心理学知识分享。专业文章和严选心理学名师课程。每周发布心理学专业资料，可免费领取。" data-from="0" data-is_biz_ban="0"></mp-common-profile></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 578px;height: 383px;"></span></p><section style="text-align: center;"><br></section><p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">作者丨钟志农</span></p><p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">全国第一位中小学心理健康教育特级教师，全国中小学心理健康教育首届“十佳专家”。曾任全国学校心理健康教育专业委员会常务理事，现任浙江省名师名校长工作站心理健康教育首席导师兼德育导师、全国名师工作室联盟心理健康教育专业委员会主任、中小学心理健康教育国培项目特邀专家。在国家级和省级刊物上发表论文108篇，出版专著10部，主编教材17册。</span></p><section><br></section><section><br></section><section><br></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="34659"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="34659"><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 01 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">如何正确理解心理健康？</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们应该如何去理解心理健康？心理健康的衡量标准是什么？</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">目前最权威的应该是世界卫生组织的7条标准，分别是：</span></p><p><br></p><ol class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">智力正常；</span></p></section></section></section></li></ol><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.善于协调和控制情绪；<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.具有较强的意志和品质；<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.人际关系和谐；<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">5.能动地适应并改善现实环境；<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">6.保持人格的完整和健康；<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">7.心理行为符合年龄特征。</span></p><p><br><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如何理解这7条标准呢？</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br></span></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 02 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">教育、辅导、咨询、治疗的区别</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">教育、辅导、咨询、治疗这几个词是我们在心理健康工作中经常会听到的词，也常常让我们发生概念的混淆，那它们的区别是什么呢？</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在这里做一个简单的界定和区分。 <br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.“心理健康教育”是学校心理教育工作的总概念，内容包括学生心理素质的培养和学生心理健康的维护两大部分，对象是全体学生。</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.“心理辅导”是帮助“心理亚健康”的人群进行心理自助，即“助人自助”，对象是存在社会不适应问题或发展受阻的学生。</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.“心理咨询”是对在认知、行为、情绪、躯体等方面出现症状的求助者进行疏导以帮助其身心恢复平衡并得到自我成长，对象是出现明显心理障碍的部分学生。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.“心理治疗”的对象是有比较严重的心理疾病、并需要服药或住院治疗的学生。</span></p><p><br></p><p><br></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;"><section><section><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 03 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育与德育的联系与区别</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section><section><section><br></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（一）心育与德育的联系<br><br></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.中小学生行为问题或青少年犯罪问题的产生，不仅有思想方面、道德品质方面、法制观念方面的原因，更有心理方面（发展受阻、人性需求）的原因。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.两者有交叉：人生观、世界观、价值观（马斯洛的“价值观”植入说）。<br><br></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.两者互为补充，殊途同归。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br></p><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（二）心育与德育的区别</span><br></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.育人功能不同<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">德育：主要负责政治态度、意识形态、法制观念、道德品质、社会规范等大方向问题；<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">心育：主要负责个性发展、心理需求、人格完善、社会适应等发展性问题。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><br></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.育人内容不同<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">德育：注重“高、大、上、远”的人物、事件、观念、原则、规范、传统、道德等价值判断内容；<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">心育：注重学生身边“真、实、小、近”的人物、事件、心态、理念等价值判断内容。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><br></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.育人形式不同<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">德育：侧重由外而内的理论灌输、道德规范和法纪约束，主张刚性的“原则与服从”；<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">心育：侧重由内而外的体验、感悟、移情和个性的自我完善，主张“助人与自助”。</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><br></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.育人目标不同<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">德育：培养目标是“有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义公民”；<br><br></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">心育：培养目标是“人格完善”，最终达到“自我实现”。</span></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><br></p><p><br></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 04 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育的根本任务是发展和预防</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">心理健康教育最根本的任务不是要解决学生有病没病的问题，而是要解决学生发展是否正常的问题，并且预防学生因发展受阻而可能出现的心理不适应或心理障碍问题。</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">所谓“发展正常”，就是指一个学生在智力水平和社会化水平两个方面，都达到或接近这个年龄段应该达到的平均水平线。而要做到“及时预防”，就必须熟知0-20岁的儿童、青少年在每个年龄段的年龄特点。</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><br></p><p><br></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 05 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育的起点是抓好孩子的大脑发育</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.“心之官则思”，心理学首先是研究大脑的学问。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.中小学生的心理问题和行为问题，大多与他们学业的挫败有着直接的关联。所以，在本土国情下，中小学心理健康教育的首要任务，是帮助学生获得学习的成功。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.学习成功的基础性条件，是在儿童青少年智力发展的各个关键期，及时推动孩子智力的各个要素得到充分发展。包括幼儿小学阶段的注意力、观察力、记忆力、想象力、言语能力、思维能力、动作能力、感统能力，以及初高中阶段的元认知水平。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.作为心理教师，必须认真研究儿童青少年智力发展的规律，能够设计并开出促进智力发展特别是元认知发展的心理辅导课，并能在个案辅导中，对学习有困难的学生提供有效的学法指导。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">5.作为家长，必须懂得儿童智力发展的规律，按照儿童的天性，培养孩子的学习兴趣，而不被各种各样的培训班所误导，以至于扼杀了孩子的学习积极性。</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><br></p><p><br></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 06 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育的重点是促进孩子的人格完善</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">什么是人格？用一句话说就是“一个人相对稳定的、反复出现的行为模式或相对稳定、反复出现的心理倾向性”。青少年人格发展的三个重要阶段：</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.学前0-6岁是早期人格基础阶段，家长的爱和人格示范是关键；</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.小学6年一定要抓好学生的上进心；</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.中学6年是青少年人格发展最关键的阶段，初中要澄清混乱的、似是而非的价值观，高中要牢牢树立正向“三观”，核心问题则是推动中学生自我概念的整合。</span></p><p><br></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br></span></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 07 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育的难点是坚持“系统合作”</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.学生的心理问题都是系统中生成的问题，系统中的问题都是关系的问题。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.中小学生的生存环境主要由两大系统构成：“家庭系统”和“学校系统”。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.学校心育工作不能只靠心理教师单枪匹马去做。如果离开了家庭系统和学校系统的支持与配合，心理教师很难处理好学生的各种具体问题。</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><br></p><p><br></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 08 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育的最高境界是与教书育人相融合</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.学校心育的最高境界是班主任和学科教师在班级管理和课堂教学中自觉运用心理学的原理和方法，来科学地教书育人。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.课堂教学、班级管理与心育的融合不能走“穿鞋戴帽”的老路，不能搞形式主义。融合心育是一个水到渠成的过程，是全体教师特别是班主任教育理念发生质的转变的表现，是学校心育工作深入人心的重要标志，是学校心育工作必须努力追求的长远目标。</span></p><p><br></p><p><br></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 09 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">心育的最佳效果是提升学生的心理核心素养</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.《中国学生发展核心素养研究报告》中三大方面的第二条“自主发展”就是对学生心理核心素养的基本要求。作为心理教师必须加以认真研究。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.学生心理核心素养的培育载体，可以通过心理辅导课或者心育主题班会课来加以落实。其基本主题架构可以参见《心理辅导课的内容设计要融入心理核心素养》一文（钟志农，载于《中小学心理健康教育》杂志2018年第6期）。</span></p><p><br></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br></span></p></section><section data-width="95%" style="text-align: center;"><section><p style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: start;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 69px !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(0, 128, 255);visibility: visible;"> 10 </span></strong></strong></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63); color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">和教育一样，心育也不是万能的</span></strong></span><br></p></section></section></section><section><p><br></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1.教育不是万能的，心理健康教育也不是万能的。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.每一位来访者或求助者，他的成长道路都是独一无二的，他植根于各不相同的生活环境和特定的人际关系之中。心理教师必须了解自己的职业局限性，守住自己的职业边界，不必苛求自己，更不必沉湎于辅导干预的挫败之中不能自拔。<br><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.但不管我们的工作是成功还是挫败，我们对来访者的自我成长一定要抱有坚定的信念。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><strong style="outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><br></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: start; caret-color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><strong style="outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">-END-</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「乐享心理课堂」，搜索「lexiangxinlike」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9Css4CvKwTUgu5Qer6TAAA">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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