心理科普丨人的心理的本质是什么？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 406.188px;height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: auto;outline: 0px;width: 2px;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: -5px; 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outline: 0px; justify-content: flex-start; visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 11px 10px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(0, 150, 136);align-self: center;min-width: 10%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 20px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">科普重点</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left; outline: 0px; justify-content: flex-end; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 50px;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 50px !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-position: 53.816% 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 149.319%;background-attachment: scroll;<a href=" https:="" mmbiz.qpic.cn="" sz_mmbiz_png="" jibfsvlwbazozhtiia4pbg2mc0ynrpttxclnpiajndtypeqibqj3v7andf7gsqayx34wubkfkw8pa0viv04k12icrjq="" 640?wx_fmt="png" ""="" target="_blank"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: 10px;padding: 15px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 177, 25);visibility: visible;">· </span></strong>人的心理是脑的机能</p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 177, 25);visibility: visible;">· </span></strong>人的心理是对客观现实的反映</p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 20px 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 652px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(197, 17, 106, 0);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 20px 3px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 640px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0px 0px 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 0;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(11, 10, 10);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2.5px;visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"> 心理现象是非常复杂的。正是因为它的复杂性，使得不少人在研究心理现象的时候，走入了歧途。这就是各种唯心主义和形而上学产生的原因。</p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"> 辩证唯物主义对人的心理做出了科学的解释，<span style="outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(0, 150, 136); visibility: visible;">认为人的心理是脑的机能，人的心理是对客观现实的反映</span>。这两个科学的命题是我们认识心理现象的指导思想。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -5px; outline: 0px; transform: rotate(0deg); width: 5px; height: 5px;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section></section><h2 data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="90mtb-0-0" style="margin-top: 2.33333em; margin-bottom: 1.16667em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; clear: left; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); white-space: pre-wrap; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 20px 16px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;visibility: visible;">1、心理是脑的机能（从功能上讲）：</span></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;">（1）心理是脑的机能，脑是从事心理活动的器官，心理现象是脑活动的结果。</span></section></h2><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><figure data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="bo81e-0-0" style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin: 20px auto;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: block;border-radius: 3px;min-width: 100px;min-height: 102px;background: none 0px 0px rgb(245, 246, 238);animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none;color: rgb(116, 116, 116);font-family: "Microsoft Yahei";font-size: 14px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></p></figure></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible;">（2）伴随神经系统的进化，心理的发生经历了四个阶段：</span></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible;">①无机物和植物没有神经系统也没有心理。</span></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible;">单细胞动物，变形虫，趋利避害，有感应性</span></section><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><figure data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="fljio-0-0" style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin: 20px auto;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: block;border-radius: 3px;min-width: 100px;min-height: 102px;background: none 0px 0px rgb(245, 246, 238);animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none;color: rgb(116, 116, 116);font-family: "Microsoft Yahei";font-size: 14px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></p></figure></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px;">②感觉无脊椎动物发展到，只具有某种感觉器官，只认识个别属性。</span></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px;">心理现象的产生以能对具有生物学意义的信号刺激做出反应为标志，或者说以形成条件反射为标志，和神经系统的出现相联系</span></section><p style="outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></p><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><figure data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="4c2p1-0-0" style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin: 20px auto;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: block;border-radius: 3px;min-width: 100px;min-height: 102px;background: none 0px 0px rgb(245, 246, 238);animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none;color: rgb(116, 116, 116);font-family: "Microsoft Yahei";font-size: 14px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></p></figure></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px;">③知觉脊椎动物，具有脊髓和大脑，有了各种感觉器官，能认识到整个事物；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><figure data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="sas5-0-0" style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin: 20px auto;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: block;border-radius: 3px;min-width: 100px;min-height: 102px;background: none 0px 0px rgb(245, 246, 238);animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none;color: rgb(116, 116, 116);font-family: "Microsoft Yahei";font-size: 14px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></p></figure></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px;">④思维萌芽灵长，能认识外部联系</span></section><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><figure data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="73feb-0-0" style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin: 20px auto;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: block;border-radius: 3px;min-width: 100px;min-height: 102px;background: none 0px 0px rgb(245, 246, 238);animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none;color: rgb(116, 116, 116);font-family: "Microsoft Yahei";font-size: 14px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></p></figure></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px;">⑤人有思维。把人的心理叫做思维、意识、精神。能认识到事物的本质和事物之间的联系，<span data-offset-key="2m5tn-0-1" style="outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;">是人的心理和动物心理的本质区别。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><figure data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="d5bmh-0-0" style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;display: block;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></p></figure></section><section style="margin: 20px 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px;">⑥心理现象产生和发展的过程，充分说明了心理是神经系统，特别是大脑活动的结果，神经系统，特别是大脑，是从事心理活动的器官。</span></section><h2 data-block="true" data-editor="a98sn" data-offset-key="4mpr0-0-0" style="margin-top: 2.33333em; margin-bottom: 1.16667em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Source Han Sans SC", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif; clear: left; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); white-space: pre-wrap;"><section style="margin: 20px 16px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;"></span></section></h2><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;border-right: 5px solid rgb(214, 240, 252);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(214, 240, 252);border-top-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);border-left-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 10px;outline: 0px;background-color: rgba(240, 230, 174, 0.59);width: 672px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;"><section style="padding-right: 13px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(0, 150, 136);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 150, 136);font-size: 30px;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">02</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="padding: 5px 12px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;background-color: rgb(0, 150, 136);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 20px;letter-spacing: 5px;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">心理是对客观现实的反映</strong><br style="outline: 0px;"></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 20px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 652px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(197, 17, 106, 0);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;"><section style="padding: 20px 10px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 612px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0px 0px 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 0;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;"><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(11, 10, 10); line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2.5px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 12px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;"> 健全的大脑为心理现象的产生提供了物质基础，大脑是从事心理活动的器官，心理是大脑所具有的功能。客观外界事物作用于人的感觉器官，通过大脑的活动将客观外界事物变成映象，从而产生了人的心理。所以客观现实是心理的源泉和内容。离开客观现实来考察人的心理，心理就变成了无源之水、无本之木。对人来说，客观现实既包括自然界，也包括人类社会，还包括人类自己。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 12px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;"> 心理是社会的产物，离开了人类社会，即使有人的大脑，也不能自发地产生人的心理。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 12px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 2px;"> </span><span style="outline: 0px;text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-color: rgb(11, 10, 10);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 16px;">客观现实是心理的源泉和内容，客观现实包括自然界、人类社会、人类自己。心理的反映不像镜子似的反映，而是能动的反映</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 12px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;"> 心理是大脑活动的结果，却不是大脑活动的物质产品，因为心理是一种主观映象，这种主观映象既可以是事物的形象，也可以是概念，还可以是体验</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 12px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "<img src=";"> </span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "<img src="; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px;">即使长大成年后长期脱离人的社会生活也将使原已形成的人的正常的心理失常。如抗战期间，日本帝国主义曾经掳掠我国许多同胞，其中之一的刘连仁不堪在日本矿山的奴役劳动，逃往北海道深山，过了13年茹毛饮血的穴居野人生活。1958年被解救回国时，语言能力几乎丧失，听不懂也不会说，失去了正常人的心理状态。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 20px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: ";P<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">事实说明，社会生活实践对人的心理起着制约的作用。人只有参加各种社会活动，才能对客观事物发生一定的态度，并表现出克服困难的意志行动，从而增强能力。社会生活实践活动的多样性，也使人形成不同的个性特征。离开社会生活实践，则会导致个体心理失常。</span></p><p><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;"><br></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「蚌医心视介」，搜索「BBMCJB」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/viIjZfaCKl43evyDebumFQ">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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